Phosphate is found in underground ore deposits which yield phosphate rock to make phosphoric acid, which is mainly used as a feedstock for other products.

Phosphate is the major source of phosphorus, a crucial element in photosynthesis, reproduction and yield-developing processes. Phosphorus is needed by animals for general nutrition and normal body growth, maintenance and repair.

Phosphorus ore is mined using large draglines. The ore is mixed with water into a slurry which is pumped to a mill where sand and clay are removed. Sulfuric acid is then reacted with the upgraded phosphate to produce phosphoric acid.

Once an area is mined, it is reclaimed and most of the water used in phosphate operations is recycled and contained on site. In addition, all solid waste produced is minimized and recycled where it is feasible. Gypsum, for example, is used in land acclamation to minimize its impact on the environment. At Aurora, NC, a mixture of gypsum and clay is used to restore mined-out areas.

Releases to the environment are subject to state and federal regulations and are included in the EPA’s annual Toxic Release Inventory.